Understanding Neuropathy: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Peripheral neuropathy is a disorder that results from damage to the peripheral nerves, which connect the central nervous system to other body parts. The condition can cause numbness, weakness, and pain in the extremities, such as the hands and feet, as well as problems with blood circulation, digestion, and urination.

Causes

There are many factors that can lead to peripheral neuropathy, including:
 

• Diabetes (the most common cause)
   

• Autoimmune diseases such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and Sjogren's syndrome
   

• Viral or bacterial infections (such as shingles, Lyme disease, leprosy, and HIV)
   

• Tumors or growths that press on nerves
   

• Inherited disorders
   

• Bone marrow disorders
   

• Liver disease, kidney disease, and connective tissue disorders
   

• Alcoholism




• Poor diet
   

• Traumatic injuries
   

• Certain medications
   

• Vitamin deficiencies
   

• Exposure to toxins

Symptoms

People with peripheral neuropathy may experience the following symptoms:
 

• Numbness, tingling, burning, weakness, and pain
   

• Gradual numbness, tingling, or pricking in the limbs that can spread
   

• Burning, jabbing, sharp, or throbbing pain
   

• Pain during simple activities
   

• Extreme touch sensitivity
   

• Muscle weakness
   

• Falling and lack of coordination
   

• Paralysis
   

• Heat intolerance
   

• Excessive sweating or inability to sweat
   

• Bladder, bowel, or digestive issues
   

• Dizziness or light-headedness due to dropping blood pressure

Types

There are different types of peripheral neuropathy, including mononeuropathy (affecting one nerve), multiple mononeuropathies (affecting several nerves), and polyneuropathy (affecting many nerves). Carpal tunnel syndrome is a type of mononeuropathy and is usually the result of nerve injury or compression. When several nerves are affected, it can impact sensory, autonomic, or motor functions.

Risk Factors

Some individuals have a higher risk of developing peripheral neuropathy, including those with:
 

• Poorly controlled diabetes
   

• Alcohol abuse
   

• Vitamin deficiencies
   

• Repetitive motions
   

• Family history of the condition
   

• Infections (such as Lyme disease, hepatitis B and C, and HIV)
   

• Exposure to toxins
   

• Autoimmune diseases
   

• Liver, kidney, or thyroid disorders

Treatment

The treatment for peripheral neuropathy depends on the underlying cause and aims to relieve symptoms and manage the condition. Lifestyle changes and different treatments, such as:
 

• Medications (such as pain relievers, antidepressants)
   

• Anti-seizure medications
   

• Topical treatments
   

• Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)
   

• Physical therapy
   

• Plasma exchange
   

• Surgery

However, neuropathy is often permanent or long-lasting, and the best way to prevent it is to manage underlying health issues and make healthy lifestyle choices. A physical exam, including blood tests and a neurological examination, is necessary for proper diagnosis.

For more information on understanding neuropathy, visit Beyer Functional Wellness in Mokena, Illinois. Schedule an appointment by calling (708) 719-9100.