Peripheral neuropathy is a disorder that results from damage to the peripheral nerves, which connect the central nervous system to other body parts. The condition can cause numbness, weakness, and pain in the extremities, such as the hands and feet, as well as problems with blood circulation, digestion, and urination.
There are many factors that can lead to peripheral neuropathy, including:
Diabetes (the most common cause)
Autoimmune diseases such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and Sjogren's syndrome
Viral or bacterial infections (such as shingles, Lyme disease, leprosy, and HIV)
Tumors or growths that press on nerves
Inherited disorders
Bone marrow disorders
Liver disease, kidney disease, and connective tissue disorders
Alcoholism
Poor diet
Traumatic injuries
Certain medications
Vitamin deficiencies
Exposure to toxins
People with peripheral neuropathy may experience the following symptoms:
Numbness, tingling, burning, weakness, and pain
Gradual numbness, tingling, or pricking in the limbs that can spread
Burning, jabbing, sharp, or throbbing pain
Pain during simple activities
Extreme touch sensitivity
Muscle weakness
Falling and lack of coordination
Paralysis
Heat intolerance
Excessive sweating or inability to sweat
Bladder, bowel, or digestive issues
Dizziness or light-headedness due to dropping blood pressure
There are different types of peripheral neuropathy, including mononeuropathy (affecting one nerve), multiple mononeuropathies (affecting several nerves), and polyneuropathy (affecting many nerves). Carpal tunnel syndrome is a type of mononeuropathy and is usually the result of nerve injury or compression. When several nerves are affected, it can impact sensory, autonomic, or motor functions.
Some individuals have a higher risk of developing peripheral neuropathy, including those with:
Poorly controlled diabetes
Alcohol abuse
Vitamin deficiencies
Repetitive motions
Family history of the condition
Infections (such as Lyme disease, hepatitis B and C, and HIV)
Exposure to toxins
Autoimmune diseases
Liver, kidney, or thyroid disorders
The treatment for peripheral neuropathy depends on the underlying cause and aims to relieve symptoms and manage the condition. Lifestyle changes and different treatments, such as:
Medications (such as pain relievers, antidepressants)
Anti-seizure medications
Topical treatments
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)
Physical therapy
Plasma exchange
Surgery
However, neuropathy is often permanent or long-lasting, and the best way to prevent it is to manage underlying health issues and make healthy lifestyle choices. A physical exam, including blood tests and a neurological examination, is necessary for proper diagnosis.
For more information on understanding neuropathy, visit Beyer Functional Wellness in Mokena, Illinois. Schedule an appointment by calling (708) 719-9100.